Linda Gaines, Transportation Systems Analyst, Argonne National Laboratory

Rapid growth of lithium-ion battery use is projected to continue in the transportation and stationary storage markets, leading to concomitant growth in demand for the constituent materials. But experts foresee imminent shortages in key materials, such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt. How can these batteries be recycled and to what extent can recycling alleviate the looming supply constraints? What other materials can be used if key material supplies prove insufficient or too expensive? How can we reap the greatest benefit from a limited supply of material? Is there an enhanced role possible for lead? How can technological options enable the US to supply continued mobility for both people and the goods they require?  This presentation will address these important questions.