Tim Fister, Materials Scientist, Argonne National Laboratory

Synchrotrons, like the Advanced Photon Source (APS), have proven to be an invaluable new tool for studying chemical reactions in lead batteries during operation. In the last year, APS has undergone a generational, ~$1B upgrade to its accelerator and beamlines that will result in X-rays up to 500 times brighter than the previous light source. Building from our previous work with industry, I will outline how improvements in beam size and coherence will provide even more detail into crystal growth and dissolution processes driving charge acceptance and cycle life in lead batteries.